Market Reports

Producers who had put off expansions when interest rates first climbed in 2022 eventually moved forward with their plans, and many are just now putting cattle into new heifer barns and milk parlors after completing the multi-year permitting, financing, and construction process. Meanwhile, in New York and throughout the heartland, dairy producers jumped at the opportunity to supply new dairy processing facilities. Based on the timing of new processing, the U.S. dairy herd is likely to continue to grow.

The commodity markets swung wildly back and forth this week, buffeted this way and that by politics and anxiety. While the U.S. economy continues to expand, growth is uneven. Lower-income consumers are struggling, and many middle-class Americans are watching their budgets more closely. They’re dining out less and seeking bargains when they do. Many shoppers are trading down to store brands or switching to discount retailers. This week, the Trump administration and a federal judge sparred over the timing and amount of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits the government will fund during the partial shutdown, leaving the 43 million Americans who receive SNAP benefits in limbo.

Falling international prices spooked the U.S. milk powder market. At this week’s Global Dairy Trade (GDT) Pulse auction, skim milk powder (SMP) prices fell 0.7% from last week’s GDT event, dropping to a 13-month low of $2,530 per metric ton, equal to nonfat dry milk (NDM) at around $1.22 per pound. Whole milk powder prices slipped 0.9% to a one-year low. Manufacturers in Europe and Oceania are flush with milk, and dryers are running hard.

Dairy markets both in the U.S. and across the globe continue to feel out the balance of supply and demand. Although the dramatic price decreases seen during the last few weeks have given way to more modest movements, the overall market tone remains bearish. Tuesday’s Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction, albeit glitchy, ultimately saw the GDT Price Index move down 1.4%, the fifth consecutive lower result. The decline in the index reflected lower prices across every product except anhydrous milkfat.

The dairy industry is the victim of its own success. Heavy milk output continues to weigh on milk and dairy product prices. USDA’s Dairy Market News reports that in California, milk production tops year-ago levels by a wide margin, “edging into double digits.” The eye-popping year-over-year increase can be partially explained by the onset of the devastating bird flu last year and the healthier herd today. That does not change the fact that the market has significantly more milk to absorb than it did in late 2024 and early 2025.

As the government shutdown stretches into its second week, the dairy industry continues to operate without access to key data. To this point, the main information gaps for the dairy sector include numbers for trade and dairy product output. However, if the shutdown persists, upcoming reports on milk production and inventories will also be missed, further obfuscating stakeholders’ understanding of market drivers.